The United Nations. All rights reserved. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Turn on more accessible mode. Turn off more accessible mode. Skip Ribbon Commands. Skip to main content. The resolution also called for reform of the international financial institutions, the Bretton Woods twins of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Climate change and refugees and migrants were amongst the topical issues also addressed.
We may safely assume that these last topics will continue to define lobbying by NAM members in future. More precisely, NAM does not have a lobbying corps. It will be its members — individually, multilaterally, and through organisations such as the African Union, Association of South-East Asian Nations and the Union of South American Nations — who will seek to contest these issues in the forums of global governance.
Portsmouth Climate Festival — Portsmouth, Portsmouth. Edition: Available editions United Kingdom. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in. Keith Gottschalk , University of the Western Cape. Furthermore, the ministers expressed concern over the development and deployment of anti-ballistic missiles defense systems that they warned could lead to an arms race and an increase in the number of nuclear weapons worldwide.
The ministers emphasized their belief that multilateralism was the only method of addressing disarmament and international security issues, reaffirming their support for the UN Disarmament Commission and the Conference on Disarmament as multilateral tools for disarmament negotiations.
The importance of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was reestablished and it was recognized that the convention should be strengthened through multilateral negotiations. The ministers thus committed to work for a successful outcome of the Sixth Review Conference to be held in Geneva, 20 November — 8 December. Furthermore, the ministers invited states who had not yet signed or ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention to do so speedily. Finally, the ministers also addressed the probability of terrorists acquiring weapons of mass destruction, stressing that the most effective prevention tool was progress in disarmament and nonproliferation.
Noting the adoption of resolutions and by the UN Security Council, the ministers recommended that the issue of non-state actors acquiring weapons of mass destruction should be dealt with multilaterally at the General Assembly. Furthermore, the document reiterated NAM positions on nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation, pointing out the slow progress of the former, and specifically a lack of progress by the NWS in taking steps towards eliminating their nuclear arsenals.
They also reaffirmed the need for confidence-building measures as well as both global and regional approaches to disarmament. The Ministers also addressed the central role of the Conference on Disarmament, and called for an international conference that would produce a phased program for eliminating all nuclear weapons. Regarding anti-ballistic missiles, the Ministers noted concern about the abrogation of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-ballistic Missiles and the possibility that the development of national missile defense systems could produce an arms race.
They also reaffirmed the importance of adherence to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and welcomed recent ratifications of the Chemical Weapons Convention CWC , encouraging additional States to ratify it as well. In addressing issues related to small arms and light weapons, the Ministers expressed concern regarding their illicit transfer and manufacture, and encouraged additional States to become party to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction.
At the conference, Heads of State or Government adopted a Final Document that addressed a number of key issues of disarmament and international security. The Heads of State or Government first addressed their great concern at the growing number of unilateral actions and unilaterally imposed prescriptions. The conference reiterated its strong commitment to multilateralism in accordance with the United Nations Charter. NAM states that this concept promotes nuclear deterrence and opens the scope for possible use or threat of use of force by NATO.
The Heads of State or Government issued a call for an international conference with the objective to reach an agreement on the elimination of nuclear weapons. The safe control and reduction of chemical and biological weapons was an important topic of the Summit. The Heads of State or Government remain deeply concerned over the illicit transfer, manufacture, and circulation of small arms and light weapons.
In addition, it began preparing several resolutions, including one regarding the promotion of multilateralism in disarmament and nonproliferation efforts. The report added that NAM has expressed concern regarding these factors, and that it had introduced several disarmament-related resolutions in the UN General Assembly with the goal of continuing debate on these issues, consolidating gains made at individual arms control conferences, and providing practical solutions.
Regarding the working group on disarmament, the report noted that members had promoted NAM positions regarding several disarmament issues at the UN in New York and drafted several First Committee resolutions which were to be adopted during the 53rd and 54th sessions of the General Assembly.
In addition, they submitted a working paper to the second PrepCom of the NPT Review Conference addressing preparation for the conference, and contributed to the decision of the PrepCom to allocate time for discussions on proposals regarding nuclear disarmament and on the Middle East. Finally, the Working Group prepared a NAM statement for the first PrepCom for the UN Conference on Illicit Traffic in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects regarding organizational issues, particularly the possibility of holding future conferences in locations that would afford greater participation to parties with limited representation.
The Final Document of the Ministerial Conference also extensively addressed disarmament and nonproliferation issues. They also addressed the importance of achieving universal adherence to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and called for efforts towards concluding a universal, binding legal instrument regarding negative security assurances to NNWS.
They supported the existence of nuclear-weapon-free zones, expressed concern regarding the use of export controls to restrict the material for peaceful purposes available to developing countries, and urged relevant States to ratify the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Regarding the BWC, leaders noted their conviction that any use of biological agents or toxins violates the Convention and expressed hope that progress continues in negotiating a protocol to strengthen it. Finally, the document also addressed issues relating to the dangers posed by the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and by anti-personnel landmines APLs , and encouraged more States to become party to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
At the Twelfth Summit, which convened in Durban, South Africa from September, Heads of State or Government adopted a Final Document that addressed a number of issues, including disarmament and international security. As in past documents, they stressed their belief in the lack of justification for maintaining nuclear arsenals or policies of nuclear deterrence, and called for a conference to develop a phased program for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.
They also noted the importance of universal adherence to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and of the beginning of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament on an agreement regarding fissile materials. Regarding disarmament and international security issues, the Ministers noted that there is no justification for nuclear arsenals or policies based on nuclear deterrence now that the Cold War has ended, and called for a series of measures to form part of a program for nuclear disarmament.
During the conference, the Ministers made several recommendations, including calling on the Conference on Disarmament to establish an ad hoc committee to negotiate a phased program to eliminate nuclear weapons and a Nuclear Weapons Convention and urging the NWS to commit to legally binding negative security assurances.
They also noted satisfaction regarding the NAM working group on disarmament. In addition, the Ministers emphasized the importance of pursuing regional and global disarmament efforts simultaneously, and encouraged the creation of more nuclear-weapon-free zones, particularly in the Middle East.
Addressing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the Ministers of States parties urged countries to fulfill their commitments, especially with regard to Article VI of the Treaty. They also encouraged a commitment to the terms of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which opened for signature in Regarding small arms and light weapons, the Ministers urged States to take steps to prevent their illicit transfer and proliferation.
In addition, they welcomed bans and restrictions on APLs. The Final Document also contained a separate section on Disarmament and International Security, in which the Heads of State or Government extensively addressed nonproliferation issues.
They also addressed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, strongly and repeatedly urging the NWS to comply with their obligations. They also called for the negotiation of an international convention to prohibit the use or threat of nuclear weapons in any situation. They also addressed the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, expressing concern over the apparent lack of progress of the Preparatory Commission.
Regarding the Biological Weapons Convention, they noted the importance of not restricting the use and transfer of materials for peaceful purposes. At the conference, the Heads of State or Government adopted the guiding principles regarding peacekeeping operations. Due to the conclusion of the Cold War, the focus of the conference shifted from that of previous meetings.
The threat of civil war and dissolution of the country was seen as symbolic of the general plight of members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Among the topics discussed was the adoption of the Nicosia Declaration. The document stated that the movement would update its strategy so that it may be ready to play a more active and constructive role in solving regional and global problems in the improved climate of international relations characterized by the recent detente between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Forty-seven countries were represented, and expressed condemnation of Western colonialism and foreign military installations. Twenty-five countries were represented. Yugoslav President Tito played a major role in the conference. Explore the Center. Want to dive deeper? Established Background The Non-Aligned Movement was formed during the Cold War, largely on the initiative of then-Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito, as an organization of States that did not seek to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union, but sought to remain independent or neutral.
These were as follows: The country should have adopted an independent policy based on the coexistence of States with different political and social systems and on non-alignment or should be showing a trend in favor of such a policy; The country concerned should be consistently supporting the Movements for national independence; The country should not be a member of a multilateral military alliance concluded in the context of Great Power conflicts; If a country has a bilateral military agreement with a Great Power, or is a member of a regional defense pact, the agreement or pact should not be one deliberately concluded in the context of Great Power conflicts; If it has conceded military bases to a Foreign Power the concession should not have been made in the context of Great Power conflicts.
Chair At each Summit, a new Head of State formally becomes the chair, and assumes that position until the next Summit. Working groups, contact groups, task forces, and committees These groups meet as often as is necessary.
Respect for and promotion of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, including the effective implementation of the right of peoples to peace and development. Respect for the equality of rights of States, including the inalienable right of each State to determine freely its political, social, economic and cultural system, without any kind of interference whatsoever from any other State.
Non-interference in the internal affairs of States. No State or group of States has the right to intervene either directly or indirectly, whatever the motive, in the internal affairs of any other State. Rejection of unconstitutional change of Governments. Rejection of attempts at regime change k.
Condemnation of the use of mercenaries in all situations, especially in conflict situations. Total rejection of aggression as a dangerous and serious breach of International Law, which entails international responsibility for the aggressor. Respect for the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. Condemnation of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and systematic and gross violations of human rights, in accordance with the UN Charter and International Law.
Rejection of and opposition to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes, as it constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security. In this context, terrorism should not be equated with the legitimate struggle of peoples under colonial or alien domination and foreign occupation for self-determination and national liberation. Promotion of pacific settlement of disputes and abjuring, under any circumstances, from taking part in coalitions, agreements or any other kind of unilateral coercive initiative in violation of the principles of International Law and the Charter of the United Nations.
Defense and consolidation of democracy, reaffirming that democracy is a universal value based on the freely expressed will of people to determine their own political, economic, social, and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their life. Promotion and defense of multilateralism and multilateral organizations as the appropriate frameworks to resolve, through dialogue and cooperation, the problems affecting humankind.
Support to efforts by countries suffering internal conflicts to achieve peace, justice, equality and development. The duty of each State to fully and in good faith comply with the international treaties to which it is a party, as well as to honor the commitments made in the framework of international organizations, and to live in peace with other States. Peaceful settlement of all international conflicts in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. Defense and promotion of shared interests, justice and cooperation, regardless of the differences existing in the political, economic and social systems of the States, on the basis of mutual respect and the equality of rights.
Solidarity as a fundamental component of relations among nations in all circumstances. Respect for the political, economic, social and cultural diversity of countries and peoples. The movement has succeeded to create a strong front on the International level, representing countries of the third world in the International organizations on top of which the United Nations.
Current Challenges facing the NAM include the necessity of protecting the principles of International law, eliminating weapons of mass destruction , combating terrorism, defending human rights, working toward making the United Nations more effective in meeting the needs of all its member states in order to preserve International Peace , Security and Stability, as well as realizing justice in the international economic system.
On the other hand, the long-standing goals of the Movement remain to be realized. Peace, development, economic cooperation and the democratization of international relations, to mention just a few, are old goals of the non-aligned countries. In conclusion, The Non-Aligned Movement, faced with the goals yet to be reached and the many new challenges that are arising, is called upon to maintain a prominent and leading role in the current International relations in defense of the interests and priorities of its member states and for achievement of peace and security for mankind.
Ministry of External Affairs.
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