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The location of whales in the ocean determines the type of prey that is available to eat. In addition, how they find their food can vary, too. For example, in some areas of the world humpback whales use bubble net feeding:. For baleen whales, feeding efficiency increases with mouth size, which in turn increases with large body sizes.
Huge baleen whales can swallow more calories per dive than their smaller cousins. Scientists think that it is probably due to seasonal shortages in krill density. Similarly, in the pacific northwest, herring is a favorite dish of our humpbacks that frequent these waters. However, upon returning to the warmer waters of Mexico and Hawaii very little fish are found and very little feeding occurs thus stunting their maximum growth.
Toothed whales have, well you guessed it, teeth! They include: killer whales, dolphins, porpoises, belugas, narwhals, beaked whales, and others. Toothed whales are some of the most widespread mammals, but some, as with the vaquita, are restricted to certain areas.
Toothed Whales feed largely feed on fish and squid, but a few, like certain eco-types of killer whales, feed on marine mammals.
Echolocation is a prominent sense in toothed whales. It is a type of sonar that the animals rely on to help build up a picture of their surroundings. Killer whales, or, more lovingly named Orcas, usually hunt in family groups. Using teeth that can be four inches ten centimeters long. In the water around Vancouver Island there are two distinct eco types….
This ecotype loves to feed on Chinook Salmon as they are biggest and most energetically efficient prey but other species of salmon have also been found in their diet. Using echolocation to pinpoint a fish a whale will get as close as it can before launching its speedy attack.
About one harbour seal a day each is enough to keep these orca happy. This group of orca is a silent eco type, not wanting to draw attention to themselves as their prey can hear them.
As such, they hardly breach or call when on a hunt. The party comes after a successful feed! Aside from swimming through schools of fish or krill, some whales may skim the surface of the water while keeping their mouth open to capture prey at or near the top of the water.
Another method used by baleen whales is to have several whales circle around a group or swarm of fish and blow bubbles around and underneath the fish to herd them into a ball and push them towards the surface. Once this is done, the whales can take turns swimming through the helpless swarm and pick off the fish one at a time.
While baleen whales are known for their often solitary behavior when searching for prey, baleen whales may choose to hunt for food alone or as a group.
To obtain food, these whales will swim to the bottom of the ocean and roll on their side, causing the water to lift various sea sediments and prey. Humpback whales use a hunting technique unique to any other mammal in their species using a method known as bubble netting or lunge netting.
Bubble or lunge netting takes a group effort, and each whale plays a specific role in capturing the fish. Some whales will swim around the fish these whales tend to enjoy eating herring and blow bubbles, which causes the fish to form into a group, while other whales make loud noises scaring the fish and causing them to move towards the surface of the water.
Once the fish move to the surface, they lunge towards the fish with their mouths open and try to eat as many fish as they possibly can. Toothed whales are referred to as active hunters because they possess teeth. In fact, some toothed whales are known to hunt and eat larger forms of prey than their baleen whale relatives.
Most toothed whales will consume a diet consisting of fish, squid, octopus , and various crustaceans. However, the killer whale actually a dolphin is known to hunt and consume various marine mammals, seabirds, and even whales. While the baleen whale suborder is comprised solely of large baleen whales, the toothed whale suborder is made up of whales that possess teeth along with all species of dolphin and porpoise. In addition to possessing teeth, toothed whales are also equipped with echolocation, which helps them identify prey in dark waters where light is limited or nonexistent.
When it comes to hunting methods, the strategies these marine mammals use vary depending on the species. Killer whales eat a large variety of foods such as fish, squid, sea lions, walruses, seals, sharks, and even large whales. Moreover, they are considered to be at the top of the aquatic food chain since they have no real predators. Orca is known for maintaining strong family ties and can spend their entire lives together, rarely separating from one another except when they mate and forage for food.
The sperm whale the largest of the toothed whales typically prefers a diet containing octopus, large squid, and some fish. These whales can dive over 3, feet underwater and remain submerged for over an hour when hunting for prey.
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