It is made up of sandstone, shales and limestones of the Vindhayan period. The Banas river , along with its tributaries [Berach river, Khari rivers] originate in the Aravali Range and flow towards northwest into Chambal river. The erosional activity of these rives make the plateau top appear like a rolling plain. It is to the east of the Marwar or Mewar Upland.
Most of plateau comprises the basin of the Chambal river which flows in a rift valley. It is a rolling plateau with rounded hills composed of sandstone. Thick forests grow here. Spreads over five districts of Uttar Pradesh and four districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Average elevation of m above sea level, this area slopes down from the Vindhyan Scarp toward the Yamuna River. The area is marked by a chain of hillocks small hill made of granite and sandstone.
The erosional work of the rivers flowing here have converted it into an undulating wave like surface area and rendered it unfit for cultivation. The region is characterized by senile characteristic of or caused by old age topography. Streams like Betwa, Dhasan and Ken flow through the plateau. This plateau has two systems of drainage; one towards the Arabian sea The Narmada , the Tapi and the Mahi , and the other towards the Bay of Bengal Chambal and Betwa, joining the Yamuna.
In the north it is drained by the Chambal and many of its right bank tributaries like the Kali, the Sindh and the Parbati. It also includes the upper courses of the Sindh, the Ken and the Betwa. It is composed of extensive lava flow and is covered with black soils. The general slope is towards the north [decreases from m in the south to less than m in the north] This is a rolling plateau dissected by rivers.
In the north, the plateau is marked by the Chambal ravines. Baghelkhand North of the Maikal Range is the Baghelkhand. Made of limestones and sandstones on the west and granite in the east. It is bounded by the Son river on the north. The central part of the plateau acts as a water divide between the Son drainage system in the north and the Mahanadi river system in the south.
The region is uneven with general elevation varying from m to 1, m. The Bhanrer and Kaimur are located close to the trough-axis. The general horizontality of the strata shows that this area has not undergone any major disturbance. Chotanagpur Plateau Chotanagpur plateau represents the north-eastern projection of the Indian Peninsula.
The Son river flows in the north-west of the plateau and joins the Ganga. The average elevation of the plateau is m above sea level. This plateau is composed mainly of Gondwana rocks. The plateau is drained by numerous rivers and streams in different directions and presents a radial drainage pattern. The Damodar river flows through the middle of this region in a rift valley from west to east. Here are found the Gondwana coal fields which provide bulk of coal in India.
North of the Damodar river is the Hazaribagh plateau with an average elevation of m above mean sea level. This plateau has isolated hills. It looks like a peneplain due to large scale erosion. The Ranchi Plateau to the south of the Damodar Valley rises to about m above mean sea level. Most of the surface is rolling where the city of Ranchi m is located. At places it is interruped by monadnocks an isolated hill or ridge of erosion-resistant rock rising above a peneplain.
Ex: Ayers Rock in Australia and conical hills. They run in north-south direction and rise to average elevation of m highest mount is m. These hills have been dissected into separate plateaus. Meghalaya Plateau The peninsular plateau extends further east beyond the Rajmahal hills to from Meghalaya or the Shillong plateau. Garo-Rajmahal Gap separates this plateau from the main block.
This gap was formed by down-faulting normal fault: a block of earth slides downwards. It was later filled by sediments deposited by the Ganga and Brahmaputa. The plateau is formed by Archaean quartzites, shales and schists. The plateau slopes down to Brahmaputra valley in the north and the Surma and Meghna valleys in the south. Its western boundary more or less coincides with the Bangladesh border. The western, central and the eastern parts of the plateau are known as the Garo Hills m , the Khasi-Jaintia Hills 1, m and the Mikir Hills m.
Shillong 1, m is the highest point of the plateau. Deccan Plateau It covers an area of about five lakh sq km. It is triangular in shape and is bounded by the Satpura and the Vindhya in the north-west, the Mahadev and the Maikal in the north, the Western Ghats in the west and the Eastern Ghats in the east. Its average elevation is m. It rises to m in the south but dips to m in the north.
Its general slope is from west to east which is indicated by the flow of its major rivers. Rivers have further subdivided this plateau into a number of smaller plateaus.
It forms the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. Much of the region is underlain by basaltic rocks of lava origin [Most of the Deccan Traps lies in this region]. These hills have been dissected into separate plateaus. The rocks of the peninsular plateau of India extend further north-east beyond the Rajmahal hills and form a rectangular block known as the Meghalaya or the Shillong plateau.
This plateau has been separated from the main block of the peninsular plateau by a wide gap known as the Garo-Rajmahal Gap. This gap was formed by down-faulting and was later on filled by sediments deposited by the Ganga. Extending over an area of about 35 thousand sq km, this plateau is largely formed by Archaean Dharwarian quartzites, shales and schists with granite intrusions and some basic silt.
The plateau slopes down to Brahmaputra valley in the north and the Surma and Meghna valleys in the south. Its western boundary more or less coincides with the Bangladesh border. The western, central and the eastern parts of the plateau are known as the Garo Hills m , the Khasi-Jaintia Hills 1, m and the Mikir Hills m.
Shillong 1, m is the highest point of the plateau. This is the largest unit of the Peninsular Plateau of India covering an area of about five lakh sq km. This triangular plateau is bounded by the Satpura and the Vindhya in the north-west, the Mahadev and the Maikal in the north, the Western Ghats in the west and the Eastern Ghats in the east.
With an average elevation of m it rises to m in the south but dips to m in the north. Its general slope is from west to east which is indicated by the flow of its major rivers like the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery. These rivers have further subdivided this plateau into a number of smaller plateaus described as under:. Much of the region is underlain by basaltic rocks of lava origin.
The area looks like a rolling plain due to weathering. The horizontal lava sheets have led to the formation of typical Deccan Trap topography. The broad and shallow valleys of the Godavari, the Bhima and the Krishna are flanked by flat-topped steep sided hills and ridges.
The Ajanta range lies to the south of the Tapi River. The entire area is covered by black cotton soil known as regur. Made up primarily of the Archaean formations, it is a rolling country with an average elevation of m. It is highly dissected by numerous rivers rising from the Western Ghats.
It contains the heads of the Tungabhadra and the Cauvery rivers. The general trend of the hills is either parallel to the Western Ghats or athwart it. The plateau is divided into two parts called Malnad and Maidan. The Malnad in Kannada means hill country. It is dissected into deep valleys covered with dense forests.
The Maidan on the other hand is formed of rolling plain with low granite hills. The plateau tapers between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats in the south and merges with the Niligiri hills there. The southern part is higher than its northern counterpart. The region is drained by three river systems, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Penneru. The entire plateau is divided into two major physiographic regions, namely, the Ghats and the Peneplains. The Chhattisgarh plain is the only plain worth the name in the vast stretch of plateaus and hill ranges of the Peninsular plateau.
It is a saucer shaped depression drained by the upper basin of the Mahanadi. The whole basin lies between the Maikala Range and the Orissa hills. The region was once ruled by Haithaivanshi Rajputs from whose thirty six forts Chhattisgarh it derives its name. The basin is laid with nearly horizontal beds of limestone and shales deposited during the Cuddapah age. The general elevation of the plain ranges from m in the east to m in the west.
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